Most people around the globe do not know the true meaning of Open Source.Open Source simply means availability of the source code using which any software or operating system is designed. Linux is made to be open source. Unix is also open source. Unix is not so popular among the technologists. Linux has many flavors such as Rhel,Ubuntu,Fedora etc. Choice is yours to choose. Many open source softwares such as Mozilla Firefox, Chromium,Qt Design,etc. The most important site from where you can download most of the open source softwares is Source Forge.net. You can download your softwares free of cost from this site.The softwares are available for windows,mac and linux.
You can always view and study the source code of these softwares on github.Github is a free and easy to use site where you can create your account and download source code of other developers.The whole work of Linux kernel developers can be downloaded from this site. You can even download there work without making an account from git hub as zip folder.Later unzip that folder and extract its contents.
This release is packed with new features for users and thousands of new
APIs for developers. It extends Android even further, from phones,
tablets, and wearables, to TVs and cars.
MATERIAL DESIGN:
Android 5.0 brings Material design to Android and gives you an expanded UI toolkit for integrating the new design patterns easily in your apps.
New 3D views let you set a z-level to raise elements off of the view hierarchy and cast real time shadows, even as they move.
Built-in activity transitions take the user
seamlessly from one state to another with beautiful, animated motion.
The material theme adds transitions for your activities, including the
ability to use shared visual elements across activities
Ripple animations are available for buttons, checkboxes, and other touch controls in your app.
You can also define vector drawables in XML and animate them in a
variety of ways. Vector drawables scale without losing definition, so
they are perfect for single-color in-app icons.
A new system-managed processing thread called Render Thread keeps animations smooth even when there are delays in the main UI thread.
PERFORMANCE IMPROVED:
Android now runs exclusively on the new ART runtime,
built from the ground up to support a mix of ahead-of-time (AOT),
just-in-time (JIT), and interpreted code. It’s supported on ARM, x86,
and MIPS architectures and is fully 64-bit compatible.
ART improves app performance and responsiveness. Efficient garbage
collection reduces the number and duration of pauses for GC events,
which fit comfortably within the v-sync window so your app doesn’t skip
frames. ART also dynamically moves memory to optimize performance for
foreground uses.
Android 5.0 introduces platform support for 64-bit architectures—used
by the Nexus 9's NVIDIA Tegra K1. Optimizations provide larger address
space and improved performance for certain compute workloads. Apps
written in the Java language run as 64-bit apps automatically—no
modifications are needed. If your app uses native code, we’ve extended
the NDK to support new ABIs for ARM v8, and x86-64, and MIPS-64.
Continuing the focus on smoother performance, Android 5.0 offers
improved A/V sync. The audio and graphics pipelines have been
instrumented for more accurate timestamps, enabling
video apps and games to display smooth synchronized content.
NOTIFICATIONS PANEL:
Varying notification details may appear on the lock screen if desired by the user. Users may elect to allow none, some, or all notification content to be shown on a secure lock screen.
Key notification alerts such as incoming calls appear in a heads-up notification—a small floating window that allows the user to respond or dismiss without leaving the current app.
You can now add new meta data to notifications to collect associated contacts (for ranking), category, and priority.
A new media notification template provides consistent media controls
for notifications with up to 6 action buttons, including custom controls
such as "thumbs up"—no more need for Remote Views!.
APPS MADE OFFICE CENTRIC:
Android 5.0 introduces a redesigned Overview space (formerly called Recents) that’s more versatile and useful for multitasking.New APIs allow you to show separate activities in your app as individual documents alongside other recent screens.
You can take advantage of concurrent documents to provide users
instant access to more of your content or services. For example, you
might use concurrent documents to represent files in a productivity app,
player matches in a game, or chats in a messaging app.
CONNECTING THE NEW WAY:
Android 5.0 adds new APIs that allow apps to perform concurrent operations with Bluetooth Low Energy (BLE), allowing both scanning (central mode) and advertising (peripheral mode).
New multi-networking features allow apps to query
available networks for available features such as whether they are
Wi-Fi, cellular, metered, or provide certain network features. Then the
app can request a connection and respond to connectivity loss or other
network changes.
NFC APIs now allow apps to register an NFC
application ID (AID) dynamically. They can also set the preferred card
emulation service per active service and create an NDEF record
containing UTF-8 text data.
HIGH END GRAPHICS:
Android 5.0 also introduces the Android Extension Pack
(AEP), a set of OpenGL ES extensions that give you access to features
like tessellation shaders, geometry shaders, ASTC texture compression,
per-sample interpolation and shading, and other advanced rendering
capabilities. With AEP you can deliver high-performance graphics across a
range of GPUs.
VIDEO & CAMERA IMPROVED:
Android 5.0 introduces all new camera APIs that let
you capture raw formats such as YUV and Bayer RAW, and control
parameters such as exposure time, ISO sensitivity, and frame duration on
a per-frame basis. The new fully-synchronized camera pipeline allows
you to capture uncompressed full-resolution YUV images at 30 FPS on
supported devices.
Along with images, you can also capture metadata like noise models and optical information from the camera.
Apps sending video streams over the network can now take advantage of H.265 High Efficiency Video Coding (HEVC) for optimized encoding and decoding of video data.
Android 5.0 adds support for multimedia tunneling
to provide the best experience for ultra-high definition (4K) content
and the ability to play compressed audio and video data together.
NEW SENSORS ADDED:
In Android 5.0, a new tilt detector sensor helps improve activity recognition on supported devices, and a heart rate sensor reports the heart rate of the person touching the device.
New interaction composite sensors are now available to detect special interactions such as a wake up gesture, a pick up gesture, and a glance gesture.
CHROMIUM LAUNCHED:
At Last android 5.0 gets rid of chrome and introduces chromium as its latest browser.
In my Ubuntu post I have explained importance and usage of chromium. Please see it to know more.
The initial release for Android 5.0 includes a version of Chromium for based on the Chromium M37 release, adding support for Web RTC, Web Audio, and Web GL.
Chromium M37 also includes native support for all of the Web Components specifications: Custom Elements, Shadow DOM, HTML Imports, and Templates. This means you can use Polymer and its material design elements in a Web View without needing polyfills.
Although WebView has been based on Chromium since Android 4.4, the Chromium layer is now updatable from Google Play.
As new versions of Chromium become available, users can update from
Google Play to ensure they get the latest enhancements and bug fixes for
WebView, providing the latest web APIs and bug fixes for apps using
WebView on Android 5.0 and higher.
The Linux Foundation is a non-profit consortium dedicated to
fostering the growth of Linux. Founded in 2007.One of the Best organizations I have ever seen. The Linux Foundation aims to spread word about Linux and also to handle the Linux Kernel Up gradation. The Foundation has great opportunities as they progress ahead.
FELLOWS:
The Linux Foundation has some worldwide famous persons working as fellows in the company. Some of the Them are:
1. LINUS TROVALDS (The GOD Himself):
Linus Torvalds created the Linux kernel and open source development of the widely-used Linux operating system.Torvalds was born on December 28, 1969 in Helsinki, Finland. Torvalds
enrolled at the University of Helsinki in 1988, graduating with a
master's degree in computer science. His M.Sc. thesis was titled Linux: A
Portable Operating System.
An avid computer programmer, Linus authored many gaming applications
in his early years. After purchasing a personal computer with an Intel
386 CPU, he began using Minix, an Unix-inspired operating system created
by Andrew Tanenbaum for use as a teaching tool. Torvalds started work
on a new kernel, later to be named "Linux", in the fall of 1991 and
after forming a team of volunteers to work on this new kernel, released
V1.0 in the spring of 1994.
In 1996, Torvalds accepted an invitation to visit the California
headquarters of Transmeta, a start-up company in the first stages of
designing an energy saving central processing unit (CPU). Torvalds then
accepted a position at Transmeta and moved to California with his
family. Along with his work for Transmeta, Torvalds continued to oversee
kernel development for Linux.
In 2003, Torvalds left Transmeta to focus exclusively on the Linux
kernel, backed by the Open Source Development Labs (OSDL), a consortium
formed by high-tech companies, which included IBM, Hewlett-Packard,
Intel, AMD, RedHat, Novell and many others. The purpose of the
consortium was to promote Linux development. OSDL merged with The Free
Standards Group in January 2007 to become The Linux Foundation. Torvalds
remains the ultimate authority on what new code is incorporated into
the standard Linux kernel.
2.GREG KROAH HARTMAN:
Kroah-Hartman is among a distinguished group of software developers
that maintain Linux at the kernel level. In his role as Linux Foundation
Fellow, KroahHartman continues his work as the maintainer for the
Linux stable kernel branch and a variety of subsystems while working in a
fully neutral environment.
Kroah-Hartman created and maintains the Linux Driver Project. He is
also currently the maintainer for the Linux stable kernel branch and a
variety of different subsystems that include USB, staging, driver core,
tty, and sysfs, among others. Most recently, he was a Fellow at SUSE.
Kroah-Hartman is an adviser to Oregon State University’s Open Source
Lab, a member of The Linux Foundation's Technical Advisory Board, has
delivered a variety of keynote addresses at developer and industry
events, and has authored two books covering Linux device drivers and
Linux kernel development.
Till Kamppeter holds a PhD in Theoretical Physics and works with
printing under Linux and Unix already since mid 2000 when he got invited
to work as a developer at MandrakeSoft (now Mandriva) in Paris. There
he did the packaging of the printing-related software for the
distribution and since 2001 he was the leader of the linuxprinting.org
project. He was also participating in the work of the OpenPrinting
workgroup. Mid 2006 he got invited to work for the Free Standards Group
(now The Linux Foundation) merging linuxprinting.org into OpenPrinting
and leading the OpenPrinting project full-time.
During all the time from mid 2000 to now Kamppeter has given several
printing-related talks and tutorials on conferences, organized booths on
Linux shows, and wrote articles in magazines about Linux. From 2006 on
he is organizing an annual three-day OpenPrinting Summit, currently
together with the annual Linux Foundation Collaboration Summit. With
OpenPrinting he leads the development of new printing architectures and
technologies and printing infrastructure and interface standards for
Linux and Unix-style operating systems. For this he is in contact with
the leading printer manufacturers, all relevant free software projects,
and the distribution vendors.
Richard is a developer and maintainer of the OpenEmbedded software
project, and architect and maintainer of the Yocto Project and Poky
Build System. Most recently he was an Embedded Linux Architect for
Intel's Open Source Technology Center.
From 2005 to 2008, he was a
Software Engineer at OpenedHand, where he worked with a variety of other
open source projects such as Clutter, X server, Zaurus and Oprofile. He
has also made numerous contributions to the Linux kernel, including as
maintainer of the backlight and LED subsystems. Purdie received his MSci
in Physics from University of Durham in 2003.
The Raspberry Pi is a credit-card sized computer that plugs into your TV
and a keyboard. It is a little computer which can be used in
electronics projects, and for many of the things that your desktop PC
does, like spreadsheets, word-processing and games.
One of the most important things I have seen in my life. I have researched on it for a long time. Presently having 2 models with me namely, Raspberry Pi model A and B. Works like wonder.
The beauty of raspberry pi lies in bridging the gap between software developers and Electronics Developers. In future I hope that the computers that will be available in the market will be made out of Raspberry Pi.
PROJECTS:
So I am going to discuss some of the great working projects made by People around the Globe.
1.Lap Pi - A Raspberry Pi Netbook
The basic idea is simple. Put a Raspberry Pi inside an aluminum case,
wire it up to a screen, keyboard, mouse & batteries. Then plug in a
USB hub, connect Wifi, Blue tooth, and the receiver for a wireless
keyboard. IT also needs to extend the Network port, add a headphone
socket & speakers, fit in a battery pack, and then wire it all
together!
The project is quite simple.The task is to make an ultra portable, mobile Raspberry Pi that you can take to-go. Quite Impressive work done by Nathan Morgan.
The Snap Pi Cam is a D.I.Y. Digital Camera you can build at home. It is a
great weekend project and is easily assembled with the most basic of
tools by just about anyone. The idea for the Snap Pi Cam is based on how to build a Touch-screen camera.
Raspberry Jams are events organized by the Pi community all around the
world. They’re set up so you can share knowledge, learn new things, and
meet other Pi enthusiasts. They’re a great way to find out more about
the Raspberry Pi and what you can do with it, and to find like-minded
people. Discover what Raspberry Jams are all about, and learn more about
how to find one near you, or how to set one up yourself.
Cambridge Raspberry jam:
The Cambridge Raspberry Jam – known as CamJam – is organised
by Michael Horne and Tim Richardson. It runs roughly every three months
and is a mixture of practical workshops, technical talks, show-and-tell
and a popular marketplace. Tickets are normally priced at £2-3 for
adults, and are free for those 16 and under. Proceeds from ticket sales
go towards running future Jams and increasing the amount of equipment we
have available for workshops. In December, they will be running what we
hope will be an annual robotics competition called Pi Wars.Jams are
popular with hobbyists, educators and families, and they regularly
welcome over 150 people to the event.
SAMPLE Live Videos of the Event:
Representation of Use of Raspberry Pi Around The Globe:
